Retrospective study of oral lesions in immunocompromised patients: experience of the Stomatology Section, Department of Dermatology, Lagomaggiore Hospital, Mendoza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/da.v28i4.2334Keywords:
oral lesions, oral mucositis, immunocompromised patients, HIVAbstract
Background: oral lesions are usually the first manifestation of immunodeficiency. According to scientific evidence, oral involvement occurs in 40-60% of these patients. Oral clinical examination leads to early diagnosis and proper treatment of the underlying disease.
Objective: the aim of the study was to report the oral lesions in immunocompromised patients evaluated in the Stomatology section of the Department of Dermatology, L. C. Lagomaggiore Hospital.
Design: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was performed.
Materials and methods: patients with diagnosis of immunodeficiency and oral lesions evaluated in the L.C. Lagomaggiore Hospital, from July 2018 to July 2022, were selected.
Results: a total of 100 patients were evaluated. 53% (n = 53) were women and 47% men. The mean age was 47.4 years (SD 12.8). 26% were HIV positive (n = 26) and 74% HIV negative (n = 74). All were under immunosuppressive therapy: corticosteroids (24.3%; n = 18), chemotherapy drugs (58.1%; n = 43), others (4.1%; n = 3) and 2 or more of the above (13.5%; n = 10). The most frequent lesion was the plaque (45%; n = 45) and the main location was the tongue (34%; n = 34). The predominant aetiology was infectious (55%), followed by inflammatory (29%), tumoral (3%) and a combination of the previous ones (13%).
Conclusions: oral lesions may be associated with an underlying immunodeficiency. They are mainly produced by infectious agents. Oral mucositis secondary to chemotherapy was the most frequent inflammatory pathology registered.
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