Antinuclear antibodies. Basic concepts. Relationship with clinical manifestations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/da.v30i3.2665Keywords:
antinuclear antibodies, autoantibodies, autoimmune diseasesAbstract
The detection of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, known as collagenopathies, holds significant value in supporting clinical diagnosis and sometimes facilitates the identification and classification of subtypes. Ongoing research endeavors aim to explore the potential of using biomarkers from different diseases as predictors of clinical progression. These studies seek to integrate classic activation markers, such as complement component 3 (C3), with autoantibodies like anti-dsDNA or anti-Sm.
The indirect immunofluorescence technique on HEp-2 cells is the most commonly used for initial screening. It enables the detection of autoantibodies, provides insight into their quantity through titration, and sometimes the pattern allows us to infer the antigenic target, which should be confirmed with other techniques.
In this review, we describe the new taxonomy proposed by a group of experts in 2014, updated in September 2021, with an emphasis on clinical correlations and the significance of major anticellular antibodies. The purpose of this review is to convey current concepts, using diagrams and tables that may prove helpful to physicians in their practice.
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